Qué (quién) es Unix operating system - definición
![bash]] command line. Each command is typed out after the 'prompt', and then its output appears below, working its way down the screen. The current command prompt is at the bottom.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Command line.png?width=200 "bash]] command line. Each command is typed out after the 'prompt', and then its output appears below, working its way down the screen. The current command prompt is at the bottom.")
![first server]] for the [[World Wide Web]] ran on NeXTSTEP, based on BSD.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/First Web Server.jpg?width=200 "first server]] for the [[World Wide Web]] ran on NeXTSTEP, based on BSD.")
![[[OS/360]] was used on most [[IBM]] mainframe computers beginning in 1966, including computers used by the [[Apollo program]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/IBM360-65-1.corestore.jpg?width=200 "[[OS/360]] was used on most [[IBM]] mainframe computers beginning in 1966, including computers used by the [[Apollo program]].")
![A screenshot of the [[KDE Plasma 5]] graphical user interface. Programs take the form of images on the screen, and the files, folders (directories), and applications take the form of icons and symbols. A mouse is used to navigate the computer.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KDE Plasma 5.16.png?width=200 "A screenshot of the [[KDE Plasma 5]] graphical user interface. Programs take the form of images on the screen, and the files, folders (directories), and applications take the form of icons and symbols. A mouse is used to navigate the computer.")
![Privilege rings for the [[x86]] microprocessor architecture available in [[protected mode]]. Operating systems determine which processes run in each mode.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Priv rings.svg?width=200 "Privilege rings for the [[x86]] microprocessor architecture available in [[protected mode]]. Operating systems determine which processes run in each mode.")
![Ubuntu]], desktop [[Linux distribution]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ubuntu 19.04 "Disco Dingo".png?width=200 "Ubuntu]], desktop [[Linux distribution]]")
Wikipedia
Multi-Environment Real-Time (MERT), later renamed UNIX Real-Time (UNIX-RT), is a hybrid time-sharing and real-time operating system developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs for use in embedded minicomputers (especially PDP-11s). A version named Duplex Multi Environment Real Time (DMERT) was the operating system for the AT&T 3B20D telephone switching minicomputer, designed for high availability; DMERT was later renamed Unix RTR (Real-Time Reliable).
A generalization of Bell Labs' time-sharing operating system Unix, MERT featured a redesigned, modular kernel that was able to run Unix programs and privileged real-time computing processes. These processes' data structures were isolated from other processes with message passing being the preferred form of interprocess communication (IPC), although shared memory was also implemented. MERT also had a custom file system with special support for large, contiguous, statically sized files, as used in real-time database applications. The design of MERT was influenced by Dijkstra's THE, Hansen's Monitor, and IBM's CP-67.
The MERT operating system was a four-layer design, in decreasing order of protection:
- Kernel: resource allocation of memory, CPU time and interrupts
- Kernel-mode processes including input/output (I/O) device drivers, file manager, swap manager, root process that connects the file manager to the disk (usually combined with the swap manager)
- Operating system supervisor
- User processes
The standard supervisor was MERT/UNIX, a Unix emulator with an extended system call interface and shell that enabled the use of MERT's custom IPC mechanisms, although an RSX-11 emulator also existed.
